What is Adderall?
Adderall is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. Adderall contains a combination of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine. Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine are central nervous system stimulants that affect chemicals in the brain and nerves that contribute to hyperactivity and impulse control.

Adderall may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Warnings
Adderall may be habit-forming, and this medicine is a drug of abuse. Tell your doctor if you have had problems with drug or alcohol abuse.

Stimulants have caused stroke, heart attack, and sudden death in people with high blood pressure, heart disease, or a heart defect.

Do not use this medicine if you have used a MAO inhibitor in the past 14 days, such as isocarboxazid, linezolid, phenelzine, rasagiline, selegiline, or tranylcypromine or have received a methylene blue injection.

Adderall may cause new or worsening psychosis (unusual thoughts or behavior), especially if you have a history of depression, mental illness, or bipolar disorder.

You may have blood circulation problems that can cause numbness, pain, or discoloration in your fingers or toes.

Call your doctor right away if you have: signs of heart problems - chest pain, feeling light-headed or short of breath; signs of psychosis - paranoia, aggression, new behavior problems, seeing or hearing things that are not real; signs of circulation problems - unexplained wounds on your fingers or toes.

You may not be able to use Adderall if you have glaucoma, overactive thyroid, severe agitation, moderate to severe high blood pressure, heart disease or coronary artery disease, vascular disease, or a history of drug or alcohol addiction.

Before taking this medicine
Do not use this medicine if you have taken an MAO inhibitor in the past 14 days. A dangerous drug interaction could occur. MAO inhibitors include isocarboxazid, linezolid, methylene blue injection, phenelzine, rasagiline, selegiline, tranylcypromine, and others.

You may not be able to use Adderall if you are allergic to any stimulant medicine. You may not be able to use Adderall if you have:

glaucoma;
overactive thyroid;
severe anxiety or agitation (stimulant medicine can make these symptoms worse);
high blood pressure;
heart disease or coronary artery disease;
vascular disease or hardening of the arteries; or
a history of drug or alcohol addiction.
Some medicines can interact with amphetamine and dextroamphetamine and cause a serious condition called serotonin syndrome. Tell your doctor about any other medications you are using. Be sure your doctor knows if you also take opioid medicine, herbal products, or medicine for depression, mental illness, Parkinson's disease, migraine headaches, serious infections, or prevention of nausea and vomiting. Ask your doctor before making any changes in how or when you take your medications. Symptom of serotonin syndrome may include agitation, hallucinations (hearing or seeing things that are not real), coma, fast heart rate, dizziness, sweating, feeling hot, muscle rigidity or shakiness, seizures, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Stop Adderall immediately if you experience these symptoms.

Stimulants have caused stroke, heart attack, and sudden death in certain people. Tell your doctor if you have:

heart problems or a congenital heart defect;

high blood pressure; or

a family history of heart disease or sudden death.

To make sure Adderall is safe for you, tell your doctor if you or anyone in your family has ever had:

depression, anxiety, mental illness, bipolar disorder, psychosis, problems with aggression, or suicidal thoughts or actions;

motor tics (muscle twitches) or Tourette's syndrome;

seizures or epilepsy;

an abnormal brain wave test (EEG); or

liver or kidney disease; or

blood circulation problems in the hands or feet.

Taking Adderall during pregnancy can cause premature birth, low birth weight, or withdrawal symptoms in the newborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant.

The medications in Adderall (amphetamine and dextroamphetamine) can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. You should not breast-feed while you are using this medicine.

Adderall is not approved for use by anyone younger than 3 years old.

Adderall pregnancy and breastfeeding warnings (more detail)
How should I take Adderall?
Take Adderall exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Follow all directions on your prescription label. Your doctor may occasionally change your dose. Do not take this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.

Adderall may be habit-forming. Never share this medicine with another person, especially someone with a history of drug abuse or addiction. Keep the medication in a place where others cannot get to it. Selling or giving away this medicine is against the law.

Read all patient information, medication guides, and instruction sheets provided to you. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions.

You may take Adderall with or without food, first thing in the morning.

Do not crush, chew, break, or open an extended-release capsule. Swallow it whole.

To make swallowing easier, you may open the capsule and sprinkle the medicine into a spoonful of applesauce. Swallow right away without chewing. Do not save the mixture for later use.

While using this medicine, your doctor will need to check your progress at regular visits. Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using this medicine.

Adderall can cause unusual results with certain medical tests. Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using this medicine.

Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light.

Keep track of your medicine. Adderall is a drug of abuse and you should be aware if anyone is using your medicine improperly or without a prescription.

Adderall patient tips (more detail)
Dosing information
Usual Adult Dose of Adderall for Attention Deficit Disorder:

IR:
-Initial Dose: 5 mg orally 1 or 2 times a day
-Maintenance Dose: Daily dose may be raised in 5 mg increments at weekly intervals until optimal response is obtained.
-Maximum Dose: Only in rare cases will it be necessary to exceed 40 mg per day.

XR:
Patients starting treatment for the first time or switching from another medication:
-Initial Dose: 20 mg orally once a day

Comments:
-IR: The first dose should be given upon awakening; 1 to 2 additional doses should be given at intervals of 4 to 6 hours.
-Where possible, drug administration should be interrupted occasionally to determine if continued therapy is required.

Use: As part of a total treatment program for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Usual Adult Dose of Adderall for Narcolepsy:

IR:
-Initial Dose: 10 mg orally per day in divided doses
-Maintenance Dose: Daily dose may be raised in 10 mg increments at weekly intervals until optimal response is obtained.

Comments:
-The first dose should be given on awakening; 1 to 2 additional doses should be given at intervals of 4 to 6 hours.
-The usual dose is 5 to 60 mg per day in divided doses, depending on the individual patient response.
-Dosage should be reduced if bothersome adverse reactions (e.g., insomnia, anorexia) appear.

Use: Narcolepsy treatment

Usual Pediatric Dose of Adderall for Attention Deficit Disorder:

IR:
Age 3 to 5 Years:
-Initial Dose: 2.5 mg orally per day
-Maintenance Dose: Daily dose may be raised in 2.5 mg increments at weekly intervals until optimal response is obtained.

Age 6 to 17 Years:
-Initial Dose: 5 mg orally 1 or 2 times a day
-Maintenance Dose: Daily dose may be raised in 5 mg increments at weekly intervals until optimal response is obtained.
-Maximum Dose: Only in rare cases will it be necessary to exceed 40 mg per day.

XR:
Age 6 to 12 Years (starting treatment for the first time or switching from another medication):
-Initial Dose: 5 or 10 mg orally once a day in the morning
-Maintenance Dose: Daily dose may be raised in 5 to 10 mg increments at weekly intervals.
-Maximum Dose: 30 mg/day

Age 13 to 17 Years (starting treatment for the first time or switching from another medication):
-Initial Dose: 10 mg orally once a day
-Maintenance Dose: Daily dose may be increased to 20 mg/day after one week if symptoms are not adequately controlled.
-Maximum Dose: 30 mg/day

Comments:
-IR: The first dose should be given on awakening; 1 to 2 additional doses should be given at intervals of 4 to 6 hours.
-Where possible, drug administration should be interrupted occasionally to determine if continued therapy is required.

Use: As part of a total treatment program for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Usual Pediatric Dose of Adderall for Narcolepsy:

IR:
Age 6 to 11 Years:
-Initial Dose: 5 mg orally per day in divided doses
-Maintenance Dose: Daily dose may be raised in 5 mg increments at weekly intervals until optimal response is obtained.

Age 12 Years and Older:
-Initial Dose: 10 mg orally per day in divided doses
-Maintenance Dose: Daily dose may be raised in 10 mg increments at weekly intervals until optimal response is obtained.

Comments:
-The first dose should be given on awakening; 1 to 2 additional doses should be given at intervals of 4 to 6 hours.
-The usual dose is 5 to 60 mg per day in divided doses, depending on the individual patient response.
-Dosage should be reduced if bothersome adverse reactions (e.g., insomnia, anorexia) appear.
-Narcolepsy rarely occurs in children under 12 years of age.

Use: Narcolepsy treatment

Detailed Adderall dosage information
What happens if I miss a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember, but not late in the day. Skip the missed dose if it is almost evening. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. An overdose of Adderall could be fatal.

Overdose symptoms may include restlessness, tremor, muscle twitches, rapid breathing, confusion, hallucinations, panic, aggressiveness, muscle pain or weakness, and dark colored urine. These symptoms may be followed by depression and tiredness. Other overdose symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, uneven heartbeats, feeling light-headed, fainting, seizure (convulsions), or coma.

What to avoid
This medication may impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be alert.

Avoid drinking fruit juices or taking vitamin C at the same time you take Adderall. These can make your body absorb less of the medicine.

Adderall side effects
Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction to Adderall: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Adderall may cause serious side effects. Call your doctor at once if you have:

signs of heart problems - chest pain, trouble breathing, feeling like you might pass out;
signs of psychosis - hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not real), new behavior problems, aggression, hostility, paranoia;
signs of circulation problems - numbness, pain, cold feeling, unexplained wounds, or skin color changes (pale, red, or blue appearance) in your fingers or toes;
a seizure (convulsions);
muscle twitches (tics); or
changes in your vision.
Seek medical attention right away if you have symptoms of serotonin syndrome, such as: agitation, hallucinations, fever, sweating, shivering, fast heart rate, muscle stiffness, twitching, loss of coordination, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.

Adderall can affect growth in children. Tell your doctor if your child is not growing at a normal rate while using this medicine.

Common side effects of Adderall may include:

stomach pain;
loss of appetite;
weight loss;
mood changes;
feeling nervous;
fast heart rate;
headache;
dizziness;
sleep problems (insomnia); or
dry mouth.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Adderall side effects (more detail)
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Adderall XR is used for ADHD
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Buy adderall online 




If you have unused medication that has gone past the expiration date, talk with your pharmacist about how to properly dispose of it.

Adderall and your eyes
Adderall can have some effects on your eyes.

Blurred vision
Although rare, blurred vision or trouble focusing can occur in some people who take Adderall.

If you experience blurred vision that doesn’t go away with continued use of Adderall, talk with your doctor.

Effect on pupils
In some cases, Adderall can temporarily cause your pupils (the black centers of your eyes) to dilate (become bigger). For most people, this isn’t a problem. However, for people with glaucoma, this effect could worsen their condition. People with glaucoma should not take Adderall.

If you experience any changes in your vision that don’t go away with continued use of Adderall, talk with your doctor.

Adderall XR duration
Adderall XR typically works for about 8 to 10 hours. As a result, most people take it just once each day.

Adderall tolerance
Tolerance occurs when your body gets used to the effects of a medication and no longer responds in the same way. In some cases, this can require increasing the dosage of a drug to get the same effect.

Tolerance is more likely to occur with Adderall when the drug is misused. (Drug misuse is also called abuse.)

However, when Adderall is used in recommended therapeutic dosages, tolerance to its treatment effects usually doesn’t occur. Once an effective dosage is determined, that dosage can often be continued for long periods of time without any loss of effectiveness.

Tolerance can also relate to side effects. People who take Adderall for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) sometimes experience side effects when they first start the medication. In many cases, the body develops a tolerance to these side effects, and they go away.

How to take Adderall
How you take Adderall depends on the form you’re using. Adderall comes in two forms:

Adderall oral tablet, which is an immediate-release (IR)* form of the drug.
Adderall XR oral capsule, which is an extended-release (ER)* form of the drug.
* IR means the drug is released into your body right away after taking a dose. ER means the drug is gradually released into your body.

Timing
Below is information on the timing of taking doses of either Adderall or Adderall XR.

For Adderall tablets:
The tablets are usually taken one to three times daily. The first dose should be taken in the morning after first waking up. Any additional doses should be spread out and taken every four to six hours.
Try not to take Adderall tablets later in the evening. This can cause trouble falling asleep at bedtime.
For Adderall XR capsules:
The capsules are taken once daily. They should be taken in the morning after first waking up.
You should not take Adderall XR in the afternoon. This can cause trouble falling asleep at bedtime.
Adderall on an empty stomach
Here’s information on taking Adderall and Adderall XR with or without food:

Adderall tablets and Adderall XR capsules can be taken on an empty stomach.
Both forms can also be taken with food. Some people prefer to take them with food to help prevent stomach upset.
Handling
Here’s information on handling Adderall tablets and Adderall XR capsules:

Adderall tablets can be split or crushed.
Adderall XR capsules should not be split, crushed, or chewed. If you have trouble swallowing, you can open the capsule and sprinkle the contents onto a spoonful of applesauce. Be sure to eat the applesauce right away.
Quitting Adderall
It’s important to talk with your doctor if you’re thinking about quitting or stopping Adderall treatment. They can help you stop taking Adderall safely.

Stopping Adderall can lead to withdrawal. This refers to unpleasant symptoms that occur when you stop taking a drug that your body is used to. Stopping Adderall can also cause symptoms of your condition to return. See the “Adderall withdrawal” section above for details.

Be sure to talk with your doctor if you’re interested in quitting Adderall.

Adderall effects on the brain
Adderall is a stimulant that works in the brain to treat symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

The exact way it works to treat ADHD isn’t entirely clear. What is known is that Adderall affects chemical messengers in the brain called neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine and dopamine.

The effects on these neurotransmitters are thought to help control certain impulses and provide a calming effect in people with ADHD. They also cause increased focus and attention.

In people without ADHD, Adderall can cause wakefulness. It can also cause feelings of physical and mental energy, and a sense of confidence.

One review of studiesTrusted Source showed that in people with ADHD, stimulant medications such as Adderall made the structure and function of their brains more closely match the structure and function of brains in people without ADHD.

Drug tests and Adderall
Adderall contains amphetamine and dextroamphetamine. For people who take Adderall, drug screening tests will be positive for amphetamine.

The length of time Adderall stays in your system varies from person to person, but it’s usually two to four days.

If you take Adderall for a medical condition, consider disclosing this information before completing a drug screening related to work or athletics.

If you’re an athlete, it’s important to know that stimulants, including Adderall, are often prohibited. For example, the NCAA lists stimulants such as Adderall as prohibited during sport. If you’re taking Adderall for a medical condition such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), be sure to discuss it with your coach.

Adderall interactions
Adderall can interact with several other medications. It can also interact with certain supplements as well as some foods.

Different interactions can cause different effects. For instance, some can interfere with how well a drug works, while others can cause increased side effects.

For more information on Adderall’s interactions, see this article.

Adderall and other medications
Below is a list of medications that can interact with Adderall. This list doesn’t contain all drugs that may interact with Adderall.

Before taking Adderall, be sure to tell your doctor and pharmacist about all prescription, over-the-counter, and other drugs you take. Also tell them about any vitamins, herbs, and supplements you use. Sharing this information can help you avoid potential interactions.

If you have questions about drug interactions that may affect you, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Acid-reducing drugs

Medications that reduce the amount of acid in your stomach can increase the amount of Adderall your body absorbs. This can raise your risk of side effects. Examples of acid-reducing drugs include:

antacids that contain calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, or sodium bicarbonate (such as Gaviscon, Maalox, and Tums)
H2 receptor blockers such as:
cimetidine
famotidine (Pepcid)
nizatidine (Axid)
ranitidine (Zantac)
proton pump inhibitors such as:
esomeprazole (Nexium)
lansoprazole (Prevacid)
omeprazole (Prilosec)
pantoprazole (Protonix)
rabeprazole (Aciphex)
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

Taking Adderall with MAOIs can increase the risk of dangerous side effects, such as very high blood pressure, chest pain, severe headache, and increased body temperature. Adderall should not be taken within 14 days of using an MAOI.

Examples of MAOIs include:

isocarboxazid (Marplan)
linezolid (Zyvox)
phenelzine (Nardil)
selegiline (Emsam, Zelapar)
tranylcypromine (Parnate)
Serotonergic drugs

Taking Adderall with medications that increase serotonin in your body can raise your risk of developing serotonin syndrome, a drug reaction that can be dangerous. If you take any of these medications, you may need to start with a lower dosage of Adderall.

Examples of medications that increase serotonin include:

antidepressants, including:
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as escitalopram (Lexapro), fluoxetine (Prozac), paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva, Brisdelle), and sertraline (Zoloft)
serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as duloxetine (Cymbalta), venlafaxine (Effexor), and desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)
tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline, desipramine (Norpramin), and imipramine (Tofranil)
monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) such as phenelzine (Nardil) and selegiline (Emsam, Zelapar)
certain opioids such as fentanyl (Fentora, Abstral, others) and tramadol (Ultram, Conzip)
the anxiety medication buspirone
lithium
Tricyclic antidepressants

Taking Adderall with a tricyclic antidepressant can increase the effects of Adderall in your body and increase your risk of heart-related effects and other side effects. Examples of tricyclic antidepressants include:

amitriptyline
desipramine (Norpramin)
imipramine (Tofranil)
nortriptyline (Pamelor)
protriptyline (Vivactil)
Drug metabolism inhibitors

Taking Adderall with certain medications that block how the body breaks down Adderall can result in an increased risk of serious side effects, including serotonin syndrome. If you take these medications, you may need to start with a lower dosage of Adderall. Examples of these medications include:

fluoxetine (Prozac)
paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva, Brisdelle)
quinidine (Quinora)
ritonavir (Norvir)
Adderall and Xanax
Adderall and Xanax (alprazolam) are sometimes prescribed together, especially for those who have both ADHD and anxiety. Adderall helps improve concentration and focus, while Xanax is calming and can help relieve symptoms of anxiety.

These medications can be used together safely when taken as prescribed by your doctor.

Adderall and Prozac
Adderall and Prozac (fluoxetine) are sometimes prescribed together, especially for people who have both ADHD and other conditions. These conditions include depression, anxiety, panic attacks, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Adderall helps improve concentration and focus in people with ADHD. Prozac is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant that can improve symptoms of depression. It’s also used to treat anxiety, panic attacks, obsessive-compulsive disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and other conditions.

These medications should only be taken together if your doctor prescribes them. Combining Adderall and Prozac can increase your risk of developing serotonin syndrome, a drug reaction that can be dangerous.

To prevent this reaction, your doctor may need to decrease your dosage of Adderall or Prozac.

Adderall and Zoloft
Adderall and Zoloft (sertraline) are sometimes prescribed together, especially for people who have both ADHD and other conditions such as depression, anxiety, panic attacks, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Adderall helps improve concentration and focus in people with ADHD. Zoloft is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant that can improve symptoms of depression. It’s also used to treat anxiety, panic attacks, obsessive-compulsive disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and other conditions.

These medications should only be taken together if your doctor prescribes them. Combining Adderall and Zoloft can increase your risk of developing serotonin syndrome, a drug reaction that can be dangerous.

To prevent this reaction, your doctor may need to decrease your dosage of Adderall or Zoloft.

Adderall and herbs and supplements
Adderall can interact with certain vitamins, supplements, or herbs you may be taking.

Vitamin C

Taking vitamin C supplements can make your stomach more acidic and can decrease the amount of Adderall your body absorbs. This can make Adderall less effective. Do not take Adderall within one hour of taking vitamin C.

Supplements that affect serotonin

Supplements that affect serotonin can increase your risk of developing serotonin syndrome. Examples of these supplements include:

5-HTP
garcinia
L-tryptophan
St. John’s wort
Cannabis

Taking Adderall with cannabis (marijuana) can increase your risk of heart-related side effects. These include rapid heartbeat, arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat), and heart attack.

Adderall and foods
Adderall may interact with certain foods you may eat.

Fruit juices

Fruit juices are often acidic and can decrease how much Adderall your body absorbs. This can make Adderall less effective. Do not take this medication within one hour of drinking fruit juices such as orange or grapefruit juice.

Adderall and coffee

Caffeine in foods and beverages such as coffee might add to the stimulant effects of Adderall. This can increase the risk of stimulant-related side effects such as anxiety, nervousness, trouble sleeping, and others.

While taking Adderall, you should avoid consuming large amounts of coffee or other drinks that contain caffeine.

Adderall precautions
Adderall comes with several warnings.

Boxed warning: Risk of misuse (also called abuse)
This medication has a boxed warning from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This is the strongest warning that the FDA requires. A boxed warningTrusted Source alerts doctors and patients about drug effects that may be dangerous.

Adderall and similar medications have the potential to be misused. (With misuse, a drug is taken in a way other than how it’s prescribed.)

Taking these medications for long periods of time can cause psychological and physical dependence. (With dependence, your body needs a drug in order to function like usual.) This may lead to obtaining Adderall illegally and using it for nonmedical purposes.

Misuse of Adderall may cause serious side effects, including heart problems and death.

Other warnings
Before taking Adderall, talk with your doctor about your health history. Adderall may not be appropriate for you if you have certain medical conditions. These include:

Circulation problems. Adderall can decrease blood flow to your fingers and toes.
Heart disease. Adderall can increase your blood pressure and heart rate. If you have a serious heart condition, Adderall might increase your risk of sudden death, heart attack, and stroke. It might also worsen high blood pressure or an irregular heartbeat. If you have a heart condition, your doctor may want to evaluate your heart function before prescribing this medication.
History of drug misuse or addiction. Adderall can be highly addictive and is often misused. See the “Adderall misuse (also called abuse)” section above for more information.
Glaucoma. Adderall can worsen your vision if you have glaucoma.
Mental health disorder. Adderall can worsen symptoms of some mental health disorders, including anxiety, bipolar disorder, and psychotic disorders.
Seizures. If you have seizure disorder, Adderall could increase your risk of having a seizure.
Thyroid problems. Adderall can worsen symptoms of an overactive thyroid, such as an abnormal heartbeat.
Tics or Tourette’s syndrome. Adderall can worsen movement or verbal tics.
Adderall in dogs and cats
Adderall can be poisonous for pets, including dogs and cats. Dangerous effects can include:

agitation
high blood pressure
high body temperature
panting
seizures
Be sure to store your medication in a safe place that’s out of reach of pets. If you think your pet has consumed this medication, call your veterinarian right away.

Professional information for Adderall
The following information is provided for clinicians and other healthcare professionals.

Clinical pharmacology
Adderall contains amphetamine and dextroamphetamine. Amphetamines are sympathomimetic amines that stimulate the central nervous system (CNS). Amphetamines stimulate norepinephrine and dopamine release in the CNS, increasing their levels in the extraneuronal space.

Amphetamines decrease fatigue, increase alertness, and cause mild euphoria. Outside the CNS, amphetamines increase blood pressure and stimulate heart rate and respiration.

Pharmacokinetics and metabolism
After an oral dose of Adderall, peak plasma concentrations occur in about three hours. For Adderall XR, the peak concentration occurs in about seven hours.

Amphetamines are excreted in the urine. Typically, 30 percent to 40 percent of the administered dose is recovered in the urine as amphetamine, and 50 percent is recovered as the inactive metabolite alpha-hydroxy-amphetamine.

The half-life of Adderall and Adderall XR varies by age:

Children 6 to 11 years: 9 to 11 hours
Children 12 to 18 years: 11 to 14 hours
Adults: 10 to 13 hours
Contraindications
Adderall is contraindicated in the following conditions:

advanced arteriosclerosis
symptomatic cardiovascular disease
moderate-to-severe hypertension
hyperthyroidism
hypersensitivity or idiosyncrasy to the sympathomimetic amines
glaucoma
agitated states
history of drug misuse
during or within 14 days following the administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors due to risk of hypertensive crisis
Misuse and dependence
Amphetamines contained in Adderall are extensively misused. People taking amphetamines can develop extreme psychological dependence and tolerance. In some cases of amphetamine misuse, people have used doses several times higher than what is recommended.

In those dependent on amphetamines, severe withdrawal can occur when the medication is abruptly stopped. Withdrawal symptoms can include extreme fatigue, depression, and sleep disruption.

Symptoms of chronic misuse or intoxication with amphetamines can include:

dermatoses
hyperactivity
insomnia
moodiness or irritability
psychosis in severe cases
Storage
Adderall should be stored in a tightly closed, light-resistant container. Storage temperature should be 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).

Disclaimer: Medical News Today has made every effort to make certain that all information is factually correct, comprehensive, and up to date. However, this article should not be used as a substitute for the knowledge and expertise of a licensed healthcare professional. You should always consult your doctor or another healthcare professional before taking any medication. The drug information contained herein is subject to change and is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. The absence of warnings or other information for a given drug does not indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective, or appropriate for all patients or all specific uses.

ADHD / ADDPharmacy / PharmacistDrugs
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Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.
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Methylphenidate capsule, extended release. (2021).
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https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4787/6/3/58



Adderall XR - Uses, Side Effects, and More
Generic Name(S): dextroamphetamine-amphetamine
UsesSide EffectsWarningsPrecautionsInteractionsOverdoseImagesReviews (704)
Uses
This combination medication is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - ADHD. It works by changing the amounts of certain natural substances in the brain. Amphetamine/dextroamphetamine belongs to a class of drugs known as stimulants. It can help increase your ability to pay attention, stay focused on an activity, and control behavior problems. It may also help you to organize your tasks and improve listening skills.

How to use Adderall XR
Read the Medication Guide and, if available, the Patient Information Leaflet provided by your pharmacist before you start taking amphetamine/dextroamphetamine and each time you get a refill. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Take this medication by mouth with or without food as directed by your doctor, usually once daily in the morning. You may take this medication with or without food, but it is important to choose one way and take this medication the same way with every dose. Taking this medication after noon may cause trouble sleeping (insomnia).

Swallow the capsules whole. Do not crush or chew the capsules. Doing so can release all of the drug at once, increasing the risk of side effects. If you have difficulty swallowing this medication whole, you may sprinkle the entire contents of a capsule on a small amount of applesauce just before taking. Swallow the mixture right away. Do not chew the mixture, and do not save it for future use. Drink a glass of liquid after each dose.

The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. Your doctor may adjust your dose to find the dose that is best for you. Follow your doctor's instructions carefully.


Use this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time each day.

During treatment, your doctor may occasionally recommend stopping the medication for a short time to see whether there are any changes in your behavior and whether the medication is still needed.

If you suddenly stop using this medication, you may have withdrawal symptoms (such as severe tiredness, sleep problems, mental/mood changes such as depression). To help prevent withdrawal, your doctor may lower your dose slowly. Withdrawal is more likely if you have used this medication for a long time or in high doses. Tell your doctor or pharmacist right away if you have withdrawal.

When this medication is used for a long time, it may not work as well. Talk with your doctor if this medication stops working well.

Though it helps many people, this medication may sometimes cause addiction. This risk may be higher if you have a substance use disorder (such as overuse of or addiction to drugs/alcohol). Do not increase your dose, take it more often, or use it for a longer time than prescribed. Properly stop the medication when so directed.

Tell your doctor if your condition does not get better or if it gets worse.

RELATED
Think Your Child Has ADHD? Next Steps to Take
Side Effects
Loss of appetite, weight loss, dry mouth, stomach upset/pain, nausea/vomiting, dizziness, headache, diarrhea, fever, nervousness, and trouble sleeping may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor promptly.

Remember that this medication has been prescribed because your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.

This medication may raise your blood pressure. Check your blood pressure regularly and tell your doctor if the results are high.

Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: signs of blood flow problems in the fingers or toes (such as coldness, numbness, pain, or skin color changes), unusual wounds on the fingers or toes, mental/mood/behavior changes (such as agitation, aggression, mood swings, depression, abnormal thoughts, thoughts of suicide), uncontrolled movements, continuous chewing movements/teeth grinding, outbursts of words/sounds, change in sexual ability/desire, frequent/prolonged erections (in males).

Get medical help right away if you have any very serious side effects, including: shortness of breath, chest/jaw/left arm pain, fainting, severe headache, fast/pounding/irregular heartbeat, seizures, weakness on one side of the body, trouble speaking, confusion, swelling ankles/feet, extreme tiredness, blurred vision.


This medication may increase serotonin and rarely cause a very serious condition called serotonin syndrome/toxicity. The risk increases if you are also taking other drugs that increase serotonin, so tell your doctor or pharmacist of all the drugs you take (see Drug Interactions section). Get medical help right away if you develop some of the following symptoms: fast heartbeat, hallucinations, loss of coordination, severe dizziness, severe nausea/vomiting/diarrhea, twitching muscles, unexplained fever, unusual agitation/restlessness.

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

In the US -

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.

In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

Warnings
Misuse or abuse of amphetamines may cause serious (possibly fatal) heart and blood pressure problems. Amphetamine-type medications can be habit-forming. Use only as directed. If you use this drug for a long time, you may become dependent on it and may have withdrawal symptoms after stopping the drug. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details. (See also How to Use section).

Precautions
Before taking this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to other sympathomimetic drugs (such as lisdexamfetamine); or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: blood circulation problems (such as Raynaud's disease), certain mental/mood conditions (such as agitation, psychosis), personal/family history of mental/mood disorders (such as bipolar disorder, depression, psychotic disorder, suicidal thoughts), heart problems (including irregular heartbeat/rhythm, coronary artery disease, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, problems with the heart structure such as valve problems), family history of heart problems (such as sudden death/irregular heartbeat/rhythm), history of stroke, high blood pressure, overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism), a certain eye problem (glaucoma), seizures, personal or family history of a substance use disorder (such as overuse of or addiction to drugs/alcohol), personal or family history of uncontrolled muscle movements (such as Tourette's syndrome), kidney disease, liver disease.

This drug may make you dizzy. Alcohol or marijuana (cannabis) can make you more dizzy. Do not drive, use machinery, or do anything that needs alertness until you can do it safely. Limit alcoholic beverages. Talk to your doctor if you are using marijuana (cannabis).

Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).

Children may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug, especially weight loss. This medication may slow down a child's growth. The doctor may recommend temporarily stopping the medication from time to time to reduce this risk. Monitor your child's weight and height. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.


Older adults may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug, especially chest pain, trouble sleeping, or weight loss.

During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor. Infants born to mothers who are dependent on this medication may be born too soon (premature) and have low birth weight. They may also have withdrawal symptoms. Tell your doctor right away if you notice possible mood changes, agitation, or unusual tiredness in your newborn.

This medication passes into breast milk and may have undesirable effects on a nursing infant. Breastfeeding is not recommended while using this medication. Consult your doctor before breastfeeding.

Interactions
Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval.

Taking MAO inhibitors with this medication may cause a serious (possibly fatal) drug interaction. Avoid taking MAO inhibitors (isocarboxazid, linezolid, metaxalone, methylene blue, moclobemide, phenelzine, procarbazine, rasagiline, safinamide, selegiline, tranylcypromine) during treatment with this medication. Most MAO inhibitors should also not be taken for two weeks before treatment with this medication. Ask your doctor when to start or stop taking this medication.

Some products have ingredients that could raise your heart rate or blood pressure. Tell your pharmacist what products you are using, and ask how to use them safely (especially cough-and-cold products or diet aids).

The risk of serotonin syndrome/toxicity increases if you are also taking other drugs that increase serotonin. Examples include street drugs such as MDMA/ "ecstasy," St. John's wort, certain antidepressants (including SSRIs such as fluoxetine/paroxetine, SNRIs such as duloxetine/venlafaxine), among others. The risk of serotonin syndrome/toxicity may be more likely when you start or increase the dose of these drugs.

Dextroamphetamine is very similar to lisdexamfetamine. Do not use medications containing lisdexamfetamine while using dextroamphetamine.


This medication may interfere with certain medical/lab tests (such as blood and urine steroid levels, brain scan for Parkinson's disease), possibly causing false test results. Make sure lab personnel and all your doctors know you use this drug.

Does Adderall XR interact with other drugs you are taking?

Enter your medication into the WebMD interaction checker

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Overdose
If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call 1-844-764-7669. Symptoms of overdose may include: headache that is severe or doesn't go away, severe mental/mood changes, seizures, severe restlessness, fast breathing.

Notes
Do not change brands or dosage forms of this medication without consulting your doctor or pharmacist. Not all forms of this medication work the same way.

Do not share this medication with others. Sharing it is against the law.

Lab and/or medical tests (such as blood pressure, heart rate, growth monitoring in children) may be done while you are taking this medication. Keep all medical and lab appointments. Consult your doctor for more details.

Missed Dose
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember in the morning hours. If it is after noon or near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose. Take your next dose at the regular time. Do not double the dose to catch up.


Storage
Store at room temperature away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medications away from children and pets.

Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.

Images
Adderall XR 5 mg capsule,extended release
Adderall XR 5 mg capsule,extended release
Color: clear,blue

Shape: oblong

Imprint: ADDERALL XR 5mg

This medicine is a clear blue, oblong, capsule imprinted with "ADDERALL XR" and "5mg".

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Adderall Effects, Risks, and Dangers: Short and Long Term
Written by:
Lauren Geoffrion, M.D.
Edited by:
Linda Armstrong
Reviewed by:
Kristen Fuller, MD
Updated Dec 31, 2024
2 min read · 6 sections
Evidence-Based Care
Expert Staff
Outpatient Options
Often used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the sleep disorder narcolepsy, Adderall is a prescription amphetamine that can help stimulate improvements in cognition and psychological functioning.1,2 That said, Adderall is extensively abused and has a host of adverse and potential long-term effects.1,3
Learn more about Adderall’s impact via this deep dive into Adderall’s myriad effects and the dangers associated with its use.
What is Adderall?
Adderall is a potent amphetamine, which is a type of stimulant that arouses the body’s central nervous system (CNS) into a more wakeful or active state.4 For those with ADHD, a condition with hyperactive-impulsive or inattentive symptoms, Adderall can have the opposite effects. That is, instead of increasingly stimulating patients, Adderall paradoxically allows people with ADHD to become more functional.2

However, as with most prescription drugs, Adderall is intended for use for specific conditions and can cause undesirable or dangerous effects when misused.5 In fact, given to its high potential for misuse, Adderall is classified as a Schedule II drug.6

Nevertheless, Adderall is sometimes misused by students, athletes, and those who desire an increase in focus, endurance, or productivity.3 Adderall and other amphetamines can generate physiological effects such as:3

Increased physical energy.
Hyperexcitability.
Mood elevation.
In 2020, 5.1 million people aged 12 or older misused prescription stimulants such as Adderall.7

Those who misuse Adderall and other amphetamines may develop tolerance and dependence, and they may suffer from its many other short- and long-lasting effects.1

Side Effects of Adderall
Adderall also can lead to a variety of dose-dependent effects.3  Some adverse Adderall side effects may include:3

Restlessness.
Difficulty falling asleep/interrupted sleep.
Headaches.
Dizziness.
Visual changes.
Alteration in sexual performance or desire.
Constipation, diarrhea.
Nausea, vomiting.
Hallucinations.
Paranoia.
Exacerbation of existing mental illnesses.

While severe adverse drug reactions are less common, some people may also experience the following:3

Excessive body temperature.
Heart attack.
Stroke.
Long-Term Effects of Adderall
Though Adderall use can help a person attain impressive mental or physical achievements, prolonged use or short-term, high-dose usage can result in a deterioration of cognition or physicality due to its many side effects.3

Chronic central nervous system stimulation from Adderall use can cause potentially long-term effects, including the following:8

Damage to nerve cells.
Seizures.
Psychosis.
Stroke.
Abnormal heart rhythms.
Adderall Interactions and Long-Term Effects
Whenever you take two or more drugs within a short period of time, this is considered polysubstance use. Particularly when it comes to stimulants such as Adderall, polysubstance use can be dangerous.9

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) effects of a drug can be particularly insidious when stimulants such as Adderall are combined with central nervous system depressants (such as alcohol or opioids). Often, rather than negating the effects of each other, one drug may modify or hide the other drug’s effects without your knowledge. Once the drug’s effects are masked, it’s easier to overdose because your symptoms give you no indication of how much of the drug you’ve taken.9

Mixing two or more stimulants (e.g., Adderall, methamphetamines, ecstasy, cocaine, etc.) can also increase your risk of overdose, as the effects may be compounded.9 Combining stimulants may increase your risk of:9

Serious brain injury.
Damage to the liver.
Heart attack.
Stroke.
Adderall Overdose
The toxic side effects of Adderall are rare and minimal in therapeutic doses, but when Adderall is taken at high doses, overdose and severe liver damage can occur.2,5

Signs and symptoms of acute amphetamine intoxication can include:8

Dry mouth.
High temperature.
Pupil dilation.
Rapid breathing.
Heightened energy and attention.
Chest pain.
Racing heart.
Confusion or disorientation.
Hyperactivity.
Psychotic symptoms.

Immediate Actions for Adderall Overdose
If you think someone is having an overdose from Adderall or any other drug:10

Call 911 immediately.
Try to keep the person awake and breathing.
Turn the person on their side to prevent choking.
Stay with the person until help arrives.
In the case of an Adderall overdose, the aforementioned signs and symptoms of acute intoxication may be present along with the following:5,8

Life-threateningly high blood pressure.
Rapid heart rate with an abnormal rhythm.
Stroke.
Aggression or assaultive behavior.
Hallucinations.
Panic.
Rhabdomyolysis (a potentially fatal or disabling condition).
Serotonin syndrome (a potentially life-threatening drug reaction).
Seizures.
Coma.
Death.
Treatment for Adderall Addiction
Due to the way Adderall interacts with the brain, prolonged use can potentially lead to addiction.3 However, drug addiction is a disease that can be treated via behavioral therapy, peer support, and more.11

Depending on how often, how much, and by what method a person consumes Adderall, stimulant use disorder for amphetamines can develop as quickly as one week after the first exposure. 12

If you or a loved one are experiencing Adderall addiction, a professional diagnosis and treatment can help. Treatment typically provides therapeutic support. According to the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), people undergoing withdrawal from amphetamines may experience dysphoria or severe depression.12

Treatment for Adderall addiction is likely to include various behavioral therapies that can help:14

Change a person’s outlook and behaviors related to drug use.
Increase life skills that promote health.
Continue with other necessary forms of treatment or life changes.
Located throughout the United States, American Addiction Centers’ accredited facilities offer treatment for Adderall addiction, polysubstance addiction, and other co-occurring mental health disorders. Contact our admissions navigators to verify your insurance and learn more about treatment options and facilities near you.

 

 

 

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About The Contributor
Lauren Geoffrion, M.D.
Lauren Geoffrion, M.D.
Author, American Addiction Centers
Dr. Geoffrion continues to pursue her love for writing and medicine as a medical writer.
Read Our Editorial Policy
Related Topics
Adderall Overdose: Signs, Symptoms & Treatment
How Long Does Adderall Stay in Your System?
Adderall Misuse: How to Quit
The Dangers of Mixing Adderall and Alcohol
Adderall vs. Vyvanse: What's the Difference?
Adderall Side Effects, Risks & Dangers of Use
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Last Updated on Dec 31, 2024
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